Showing posts with label UK regions. Show all posts
Showing posts with label UK regions. Show all posts

Sunday, 22 January 2017

Climbing the social ladder...

‘Why I believe in teaching middle-class values’
Article from The Independent by Sean O'Grady dated Wednesday 5th March 2014
                                
(Sean O'Grady is deputy managing editor of The Independent and a former economics editor and leader writer for the title).

Schools should train working-class kids to be more middle class. That’s what happened to me. Learning to ‘act posh’ has its place in tackling social inequality.

I think I may be the sort of person who Peter Brant, head of policy at the Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission, had in mind when he said that working-class children should be taught to think and act like the middle classes - ‘act posh’ - if they want to get on in life. In particular, Mr Brant warned, poorer pupils are less likely to apply to top universities for fear of ‘not fitting in’.

Well, there’s a surprise… Of course they are terrified of social isolation. I know, because I was too. Yes, I was that working-class child, back in the 1970s, at the fag end of the great British state grammar school experiment. When the time came for me to think about university I was fortunate enough to have been schooled at the Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys in Leicester, that, laughable and pretentious as it may seem, sought to ape the public schools in every aspect. Apart from the fees bit, obviously.

The school spent the best part of eight years getting me to ‘act posh’. They failed, as anyone who knows me can see, but I, and the few other working-class kids who passed the 11-plus, could manage a reasonable version of the manners of the middle classes. The masters all wore gowns, we stood up when they entered the classroom, they were called ‘Sir’, and we were frit (as we said round our way) of them (i.e. afraid of them).

We also had a uniform, strictly enforced, a house system, and a formal hall, where tables were chaired by one of the prefects, and we were taught proper manners and conversation for communal meals, a sort of junior dinner party training. There were plenty of societies where you could learn middle-class stuff such as chess and debating. Football, regarded as common, was only played informally, during the breaks; rugger (as it was referred to, i.e. rugby) and cricket were the school sports.

The school was rightly proud of its record in sending its boys to Oxbridge (Oxford University or Cambridge University). All paid by the taxpayer. Money well spent I say. So all this gave me some confidence when it came to thinking about going off to Oxford, which I was encouraged to do. I needed it, even after all that grooming; the class thing was still putting me off.

At that time, The Sunday Times ran a series about all the ‘Hooray Henrys’ who supposedly populated the university. There were big pictures of toffs (posh people) in dinner suits and ball gowns chucking champagne around, something I had never encountered in my entire life to that point. These were people who, and I can recall the phrase distinctly, got ‘hog whimperingly’ drunk, and were clearly dead rich. God, they had cars.

It was clear that the likes of me were not going to find it easy to keep up with these types. Socially, at any rate, I was going to be pitifully out of my depth.

Still, I persevered, and when I arrived at my strange medieval little college I was dismayed by the lack of hog whimpering, and somewhat disappointed by the feeble brainpower of some of the products of our great public schools. Instead, I found lots of ex-grammar school boys and girls who were just as surprised as I was that they had got this far. Like them, I was also able to tell my soup spoon from my dessert spoon, and go for the right knife at the right time, and avoid embarrassing myself at formal dinner.

Nowadays, I don’t care much about such things, I’m that middle class. I know what I need to do to fit in. Social mobility¹ is a wonderful thing, but, without a school that can help you learn such subtle aspects of proper behaviour, it doesn’t come easy.


¹Social mobility is a person’s ability to advance their place in society through income, status or education.

Monday, 2 January 2017

Measuring teenagers' happiness in England...


More friends and emotional security - how northern children in England top the happiness league

Polly Curtis, education editor
Thursday 8 January 2009

(The text has been slightly modified)
  1. Teenagers in the north of England are emotionally more secure ("happy") than those anywhere else in the country and are the most likely to report that they have more than one best friend by the age of 15, according to a major study of children's happiness that lays to rest the adage that life is grim up north.
  2. Teenagers in Knowsley, Merseyside - one of the most disadvantaged areas of the country - scored highest in the friendship ratings published yesterday by Ofsted and the Department for Children, Schools and Families, while those in leafy Richmond, in south-west London, reported the lowest levels of emotional wellbeing.
  3. The findings suggest that perceptions of London teenagers' lives as blighted by drug abuse are also misplaced. London boroughs consistently scored the lowest for drug and alcohol use among English teenagers, but a problem of substance misuse by young people in suburbs and poor rural areas was revealed.
  4. The study gives every local authority in England a score on five measures: the emotional health ("happiness") of children (how many friends they have, and how much they feel able to talk to them about problems); levels of bullying; participation in sports and volunteering; substance misuse; and ease of access to parks and play areas.
  5. The scores are based on responses from 150,000 children who took part in an annual survey conducted by Ofsted, called Tellus. A spokesman for the Department for Children, Schools and Families said local authority chiefs had been told to set themselves targets to improve children's lives by next year, taking into account the findings of the study.
  6. Children in Knowsley, which consistently sits at the bottom of league tables for educational results and health, report having stronger relationships than anywhere else in the country. Halton in Cheshire, Lancashire, Liverpool, Kirklees in West Yorkshire and Hull also score highly.
  7. Inner London authorities, by comparison, score consistently below the national average, suggesting that the alienation associated with life in a big city could be setting in early. London teenagers, however, benefit from having the best access to play areas, parks and other activities.
  8. Inner-London teenagers are the least likely in the country to take drugs and drink alcohol, according to Ofsted. The score, derived from children's responses to questions on how often they had used drugs or drunk alcohol, showed inner London scored an average of 6.1, compared with 10.9 nationally.
  9. Children in leafy London suburbs are more likely to take drugs and drink than those in inner city boroughs, it found.
  10. Reported levels of bullying are highest in the south-east and south-west. The Isle of Wight has the highest score for bullying, while Knowsley and Liverpool score lowest.
  11. Anne Longfield, chief executive of the children's charity 4Children, said: "You have some more affluent areas where drug problems are an issue because young people don't have material disadvantage but don't see their parents much and have a disposable income. Drugs are likely to be much more a problem for them. Parents who move their children from urban environments, where there is bad news in the headlines, to what are seen to be safer areas, often find their children confronted with other problems. Bullying continues wherever children are. It's not limited to urban areas, and drug abuse also happens in areas with more affluence and fewer things to do."
  12. In Haringey, north London, where there has been intense scrutiny of children's services since the death of Baby P at the hands of his mother and her boyfriend, despite having been seen many times by social and health workers, children's happiness was rated among the lowest in the country. But the borough was found to be well below the national average for bullying and children were more likely to take part in "positive" activities such as volunteering or sports.
  13. The scores were published yesterday along with suggested new targets for local authorities to reach over the next year to improve services for children. Local authorities that score badly on bullying, for example, are expected to launch new programmes in schools to tackle it.
  14. The scheme is part of a government shift away from measuring the effectiveness of policies for children only in terms of their educational results to take into account new measures of happiness.
  15. The government is consulting on plans to rate every school on a range of happiness indicators, including measures such as teenage pregnancies. The plan has proved controversial with teachers, who say they cannot be held responsible for the whole of a child's life.
  16. A spokesperson for the Local Government Association said the survey was helpful but, because it involved children completing the survey themselves, some children outside formal education were excluded: "There is an awareness that some of the children most in need are not picked up by it."

Wednesday, 28 December 2016

"London is the world’s greatest city; we cannot sit back and do nothing about the rough sleeping crisis."

 2015 photo from theguardian

The text below was adapted from an article published in theguardian, dated Sunday 17 July 2016 (click HERE), written by Sadiq Khan.

Close partnership and innovative approaches are needed to curb the rising numbers of homeless people inherited from the Conservative administration of London. I am committed to tackling London’s housing crisis in whatever form it takes – and the rise in rough sleeping over recent years is a growing source of shame that we have a moral imperative to stop.

People end up on the street for many different reasons – leaving care or hospital, problems with debt, unemployment, mental health, family breakup – and so the help they need is varied too. We can support some rough sleepers, particularly when they have become homeless recently, through programmes such asNo Second Night Out.

In more entrenched (i.e. long-term) cases regarding homeless people, a more intensive intervention may be needed, as a one-size-fits-all (i.e. one solution to all problems) approach does not always work. We can promote innovative approaches by making our funding of agencies that help homeless people conditional on these agencies achieving results – an approach that has proved successful in helping people access and remain in stable accommodation.

But, crucially, we need not only to help rough sleepers on the street, but also to prevent people from becoming homeless in the first place – and that’s why I’ll be launching a No Nights Sleeping Roughtaskforce with prevention central to its approach. This taskforce will bring together all the agencies to tackle rough sleeping as we will only make a difference through close partnership. The taskforce will set the strategic priorities for services the mayor provides, come up with proposals for new initiatives and projects, and lobby government for the changes we need.

A Labour mayor and government dramatically reduced rough sleeping at the start of this century and I’m determined we’ll do it again. Making a difference won’t be easy, but I will lead the way.

To do:

1) Listen to the teacher read and comment the article, noting pronunciation, vocabulary and expressions, and summarising the main points of the article.

2) Read the following information on theguardian:

theguardian is a British national daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821. It is edited by Katharine Viner. It is part of an international media group which includes The Observer (a British Sunday paper) and The Guardian Weekly (an international roundup of articles from various papers). In 2013, The Guardian's print edition had an average daily circulation of 189,000 copies, behind The Daily Telegraph and The Times, and ahead of The Independent. The newspaper's online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world as of October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers.  In the UK, its combined print and online editions reach 9 million readers. The Guardian was named newspaper of the year at the 2014 British Press Awards for its reporting on government surveillance.

3) Answer the following question:

What type of people read The Guardian do you think?

4) Translate the title:

"London is the world’s greatest city; we cannot sit back and do nothing about the rough sleeping crisis."

5) Read the following information about Sadiq Khan:

Sadiq Aman Khan (born 1970) has been Mayor of London since May 2016, succeeding Conservative Party Mayor Boris Johnson. Khan was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tooting from 2005 to 2016. He is a member of the Labour Party. His election as Mayor of London made him the city's first ethnic minority mayor, and the first Muslim to become mayor of a major Western capital. As mayor he has limited charges on London's public transport and focused on uniting the city's varied communities. He was an active supporter of the unsuccessful Britain Stronger in Europe campaign to retain the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union.

6) Answer the question:

Why does Khan describe London as “the world’s greatest city”?

7) Read the following information about the Labour Party:

The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom. Growing out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the nineteenth century, the Labour Party encompasses a diversity of ideological trends from strongly socialist to moderately social democratic (social democracy includes the belief in collective responsibility for social welfare). Founded in 1900, the Labour Party overtook the Liberal Party as the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s, forming governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and from 1929 to 1931. Labour later served in the wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after which it formed a majority government under Clement Attlee. Labour was also in government from 1964 to 1970 under Harold Wilson and from 1974 to 1979, first under Wilson and then James Callaghan. The Labour Party was last in government from 1997 to 2010 under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. Having won 232 seats (out of 650) in the 2015 general election, the party is the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In September 2015, Jeremy Corbyn was elected Leader of the Labour Party.

8) Question:

Why does Khan want to solve the problem of rough sleeping?

9) Read the following information about sleeping rough in London:

According to the CHAIN (Combined Homelessness and Information Network) database, 8,096 people slept rough at some point in London during 2015/16, an increase of 7 per cent compared to 2014/15 (though these figures are probably an underestimate). 57 per cent are aged between 26 and 45 years with 1 in 10 under 25 and 11 per cent over 55. 43% have problems due to alcohol, 31% have problems due to drugs, and 46% have mental health problems. 32% had served time in prison. 41% are UK nationals, 37% are from Central and Eastern European countries, 2% are refugees from Eritrea and Somalia. About 15% of rough sleepers in London are women (many have been physically attacked, verbally abused and sexually assaulted). Reasons men end up on the streets include: relationship breakdown, substance misuse, and leaving an institution (prison, care, hospital, etc.). Reasons women end up on the streets include physical or mental health problems and escaping a violent relationship. Social causes include: high levels of poverty, unemployment, the inadequate benefits system, lack of affordable housing and poor management of social (council) housing. Emergency accommodation includes: cold weather or winter shelters, night shelters, emergency hostels, nightstop schemes for young homeless people aged 16 to 25, women's refuges for women fleeing domestic violence.

10) Questions:

> What do you think the consequences of sleeping rough are on individuals?
> What do you think the consequences for London are of having people sleeping rough?
> Is there a problem of people living on the streets in the area you live?
> What solutions to solving the problem of homelessness can you come up with?

Further research:



Wednesday, 2 November 2016

‘Bullying is soul-destroying’


Tamanna Miah

Tamanna Miah is 22 and in her third year at university, but still carries the emotional and physical scars from the racial bullying she suffered throughout primary and secondary school.

Her family are from Bangladesh and she grew up in Sevenoaks, Kent, where she was the only non-white child in her primary school. The bullying started almost as soon as she began school, she says, around the age of four.

“I was the only Asian kid in my area and in my school. People used to bully me for my looks, my skin colour ... they did everything to make my life hell. They called me names, put sticks and rubbish and chewing gum in my hair. They would chase me and throw things at me. They pushed me off a wall. Even today I’ve still got the marks on my leg from when that happened. Staff often ignored it. They would say I was being silly, that I was making it up.”

Miah was so unhappy at school her parents had to drive her there “kicking and screaming”; she would pretend to be ill and try to hide to avoid going to school. She began to lose confidence in the way she looked and used her mother’s skin products to try to lighten her skin so she would “fit in” with her peers.

Bullying has changed her life, she says. “It’s soul-destroying, it really is. I know how much I suffered and I wouldn’t want anyone else to go through it. I suffered severe depression and anxiety as a result. I was so isolated.

“I had no confidence, I had no self-esteem. I couldn’t talk to my parents and my teachers didn’t understand. I felt suicidal a lot of the time.”

Far from school being a safe haven, Miah believes children feel particularly vulnerable there, and that teachers don’t realise how much of an impact experiences of bullying have on a child’s wellbeing.

“You should be feeling safe – you spend such a lot of your life at school. But you are open to so much there. You’re meeting other young people. You have to be there. You are there on a daily basis.”

Miah believes her grades suffered as a result of the bullying, which was a constant distraction from her studies. Now she campaigns on issues surrounding bullying and has made a film to show what it’s like to be a victim.

“These days schools do have more policies in place but it’s almost like bullying is a normal part of childhood. We need to break out of that. It’s not normal. I don’t think people realise how detrimental it is.”

> TED talk given by Tamanna: click HERE!

> Tamanna's video: click HERE!

> "Agir contre le harcèlement à l'école" (short film in French)click HERE!

> Article on bullying from theguardianclick HERE!

Saturday, 3 September 2016

Educating the elite in the UK

Eton’s confidence trick is a lesson for life
Article from THE TIMES by Janice Turner
September 3 2016

 Boys who blagged their way into meeting Putin show why Britain is still a divided nation, with state schools left behind

We will see that photograph again, the snap of ten Eton sixth-formers after their hour-long meeting with Vladimir Putin. And the boys knew it. A few were pulling gangsta moves and goofy faces, lolling on the Kremlin carpet, thinking of the Facebook “likes”. Others, conscious that the internet never forgets, recalling maybe the Bullingdon picture Boris and Dave fought to repress, were composed, aloof, putting destiny before “bantz”.


How did they pull off this summit? Well, invite Putin’s personal priest (who knew he had one?) to speak at your school, then cheekily ask him to arrange a visit. Call in Russian contacts to ease your path, send 1,000 emails, blag, never be deterred by “No” . . . until you stand immaculately suited, looking wholly entitled at 18 not just to shake the Russian president’s hand but later to opine on his record: that Putin is misunderstood over Ukraine and right to bomb Syria. “Chutzpah” doesn’t even come close.

The more I interview famous people, the more I’m convinced success is a confidence trick. Not entirely, of course. Putting aside luck, the recipe seems roughly three parts talent, one part drive and one part audacity. In those from humble backgrounds, audacity means “going for it” when you’ve little to lose. In the privileged, it is an acquired confidence which drowns out that querulous inner voice forever whispering: “Who am I to apply to Cambridge or Rada, to work at Goldman Sachs, to write for The Times?”

When I interviewed Tony Little, the departing head of Eton last year, he remarked that in the very fabric of the ancient building, carved with initials of poets, princes and politicians, was the question: “Why not you?” Old Etonian David Cameron, when asked why he wanted to be PM, answered: “Because I think I’d be good at it.” Why not me? And his tenure — which seems so long ago now — was kingly and gracious. Whatever you thought of his policies, you could never fault his choreography or demeanour. Did he ever doubt his right to be there, even after he almost broke the Union, after he staked his legacy (and Britain’s future) on the referendum, and lost? I doubt it. You aren’t destroyed by defeats if you feel you own the game.

How does Eton create such men? (Putin is clearly as fascinated as the rest of us.) It treats every boy as a rugged individual. No dorms, but separate rooms and solo chats with tutors. It makes boys organise outside speakers without help from masters, even if they occasionally forget to meet a cabinet minister off his train. (The Russian trip was planned without the school’s knowledge.) And it tells boys, in Little’s words, “not to lead with their chin” but employ charm first. Then, if this isn’t enough, a steely arrogance is unsheathed. I’ve heard the wife of a cabinet minister who didn’t go to Eton complain: “The Camerons treat us like staff”.

Above all, Eton, like other private schools, offers “polish”, which as a report into social mobility this week made clear, can count for as much as grades. The study showed that state-school candidates were turned down for jobs in banking for the faux pas of wearing brown shoes, loud ties or not being the right “fit”. In these “customer-facing” roles, banks believe the rich will only trust you with their money if you can pass as moneyed.

More state school pupils — 59 per cent this year — are now admitted to Oxford. Other top universities from which bankers are mainly recruited are selecting more widely too. But still working-class students are let down by their ignorance of hidden social codes. In Scandinavia and Germany I’m always struck by how hard it is to guess someone’s social standing from their appearance: in Britain I can tell at first glance. Obviously I’m more attuned to our signifiers but in other countries working and middle-class people and their culture are not so far apart.

The solution to improving social mobility in Britain has been to admit a few extraordinary poorer kids into the golden circle. Eton, a canny luxury brand, which constantly evolves with the times, is more generous with its resources than most. (And can afford to be.) A fifth of boys are on some kind of bursary, like the son of Somalian refugees in Brixton who has just won a sixth-form scholarship. Eton also sponsors the London Academy of Excellence, twinning clever East End kids with its tailcoated boys. This academy encourages sharp dressing, punctuality, resourcefulness, manners and boundless aspiration: values which are too lacking in the state sector, especially in provincial towns.

In London, at least, you can see bastions of privilege from the bus. Visiting my old Doncaster comprehensive I was struck by the uniforms: polo shirts and baggy trousers, as if training to mix paint in B&Q (DIY store). Why not insist boys wear suits to sixth form to raise their expectations and show them how to dress for a professional job? And the headmaster, although mentioning media studies A level, didn’t invite me to meet students. Perhaps he thought I’d bore them. But it is easier to imagine becoming a journalist if you’ve met one who comes from your housing estate. By contrast, my sons’ London private school is forever asking media parents to help ease their pupils’ career paths.

Because those Eton boys, with their resourcefulness, fine manners and the coolness to look a Russian tyrant in the eye, will end up running City banks and Westminster and be given platforms to present their views. Confidence is rarely born, it is acquired: every bright pupil should be encouraged in their audacity, to ask the question: “Why not me?”

Sunday, 28 September 2014

The majority of Scottish people vote "NO" to an independent Scotland


Back from the brink: Scotland stays in the UK
THE DAY, Friday 19 September 2015

The 307-year-old union between Scotland and the UK survived this morning. 55% of voters said ‘No’ to independence. But politics will never be the same again in Britain.

The United Kingdom remains united and Scotland has rejected the opportunity for independence. In answer to the referendum question: ‘Should Scotland be an independent country?’, 45% voted Yes, but 55% voted No.

It was the busiest day in Scottish electoral history: 4.3 million people — 97% of the electorate — had registered to vote (including 16 and 17-year-olds voting for the first time in a UK election). Turnout was an astonishing 85%.

This was a tumultuous end to what had become, over the last six weeks, an exhilarating roller-coaster ride of political engagement. Many agreed that even though the No team won the vote, the Yes team won the campaign. ‘It has outwitted the three main Westminster parties who spent so long worrying about their positioning ... that they have forgotten about voters’ said Fraser Nelson, editor of The Spectator.

After decades of decline, democracy came alive in Scotland in recent weeks. Nearly everyone had an opinion and was willing to defend it. They informed themselves on every aspect and shared what they learned with others. One commentator recorded his delight in tasting ‘the pure bubbling water of democracy’.

The rejection of independence does not mean that things will stay the same. In the last fortnight as Yes and No ran neck and neck in the polls, the three national party leaders hurriedly pledged that further powers would be transferred to Edinburgh. Gordon Brown called it ‘home rule within the UK’. Changes include greater control over finances and will radically shift power away from Westminster.

But these promises, underpinned by a guaranteed subsidy through the Barnett formula, have already caused deep resentment in other parts of the UK. A huge political row is brewing for Prime Minister David Cameron over ‘the English Question’. Some MPs are now calling for an English parliament. Wales and Northern Ireland are expected to follow.
Unfinished business

Scotland’s First Minister is Alex Salmond, without whose extraordinary political skills it is unlikely this referendum would ever have taken place, let alone have come so close to success. He said last week that this vote would settle the question of Scotland’s independence for a generation and he did not anticipate a 'neverendum'.

But is that likely? The people of Scotland have rediscovered their passion for politics and a belief in the possibility of change. And nearly half of them have just rejected the current political setup. As the general election next May approaches, both north and south of the border there is enough energy and resentment for a perfect storm of political upheaval.

To do/questions:
  1. Research and explain the words and phrases highlighted in grey.
  2. How old is the union between Scotland and England?
  3. Did those who voted YES to the referendum win?
  4. What was the winning margin?
  5. How many people took part in the referendum?
  6. Who "forgot about voters"?
  7. Why do you think the three main parties promised further transfers of powers to Edinburgh?
  8. Why are some MPs calling for an English Parliament?
  9. Will there be another referendum on Scottish independence soon?
  10. Name and describe the three main UK parties.
  11. What is the SNP?
  12. What other areas of Europe want independence and why?

KERNOW soon?

Click HERE to read the article from THE DAY!

Cornwall is one of the poorest regions of the UK and one of the “marginal” regions of Europe… How is it being developed? What are the inhabitants of the county, the region’s industries and businesses, Cornwall Council, the UK government, and the EU, doing to improve the region’s situation?

2015 is European Year for Development in which the issue of EU spending priorities will be discussed; should the EU give so much aid to countries outside the EU when it, and the poorer regions of Europe in particular, are undergoing an economically difficult time ?

David Cameron and the Conservatives were re-elected to the UK government in May 2015. The issue of continued UK membership of the EU will therefore probably be put to a referendum; “Brexit” (i.e. the UK leaving the EU) is becoming a strong possibility… If the UK is no longer a member of the EU, what will happen to Cornwall if it no longer benefits from EU help?

Wednesday, 24 September 2014

English rules...


Babelling on: Brussels versus the English language
THE ECONOMIST, December 13th 2006

In their loftier moments Brussels politicians say that languages are an expression of the European Union's unity in diversity. What they seldom admit is that languages are a logistical and expensive headache, as well as a cause of nationalistic squabbles. All these could increase when the tally of official languages in the EU rises from 20 to 23 on January 1st 2007, with the addition of Romanian, Bulgarian and Irish.

There is impeccable democratic logic for the EU to do business in the language of its citizens: hence the addition of Bulgarian and Romanian when these countries join next month. It is less obvious why Irish is being added to the list. Although it is an official language of Ireland, it is a minority one that the Irish government declined to use when it joined in 1973. The government concedes that less than half the population can speak it and a mere 5% actually use it. But Charlie McCreevy, Ireland's European commissioner, insists it is central to Irish cultural identity.

Asserting cultural identity may be more important in a growing club. Ireland's decision has raised the stakes for other countries. Last year Spain requested semi-official status for Catalan, Galician and Basque. The Spanish government will foot the bill for translation services for Spaniards who prefer to use those languages. Welsh nationalist politicians are now lobbying the British government to get the same deal for Welsh, although not so far to any effect.

Getting national governments to pick up the tab for using regional languages can keep the EU's costs down. In 2005 the union spent some €1.1 billion ($1.4 billion) on translation and interpretation. This pays for staff to interpret at 11,000 meetings a year and to translate more than 1.3m pages of text. One result of the latest enlargement is that the commission has instructed officials to write shorter, snappier communications that cost less to translate. But not all problems are so easy. A plan in 2002 to simplify European patents failed when some countries blocked it because the new patent would be only in English, French and German. Subsequent efforts to find a compromise have foundered because of high translation costs.

English, French and German are the main working languages of the European Commission, a truce agreed some 20 years ago. At that time half of all EU documents were drafted in English. Now it is around two-thirds, as enlargement to Scandinavia and Eastern Europe has created a bigger group of people with English as their first choice of second language. This points to an unsettling conclusion for advocates of multilingualism: in a union of many languages, increasingly there is but one language.


To do:
  1. Describe and comment the photo above the text.
  2. Translate the highlighted words and phrases in the text above.
  3. Describe what THE ECONOMIST is.
  4. Draw up a list of minority languages used in Europe.

Questions:
  1. Why is Irish being added to the list of official languages?
  2. What is the “growing club” (first sentence, third paragraph)?
  3. Who do you think should pay for the cost of translation and interpretation of regional languages at Brussels (the EU itself or national governments)?
  4. Who are the “advocates of multilingualism” (last sentence of text)?
  5. Which language is the most used in the European Union institutions and why is it the most used?
  6. Do you defend the use of several languages for European Union institutions?

Monday, 30 December 2013

British politics in 2014...


In May, European Union citizens will vote to elect their MEPs. In many nations, the nationalist anti-EU parties will probably win many votes. The United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) could win the most votes. Nigel Farage is its leader (see above photo).

In September, the Scots will vote in a referendum on whether to remain part of the UK.

In 2015, there will be the general election.

Large-scale disengagement from politics is a danger.


Questions (answer in your own words!):
  1. What is an MEP?
  2. Who are the Scots?
  3. What is a referendum?
  4. What is a general election?
  5. Why do you think there may be disengagement from politics?
  6. Why might David Cameron, the Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative Party, be worried about 2014-2015?

Sunday, 29 September 2013